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|image = Zhu Rongji.jpg |caption = Zhu Rongji in 1986 |order = Premier of the People's Republic of China |term_start = March 17, 1998 |term_end = March 16, 2003 |president = Jiang Zemin |deputy = Li Lanqing |predecessor = Li Peng |successor = Wen Jiabao |order1 = 6th First-ranking Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China |premier1 = Li Peng |term_start1 = March 29, 1993 |term_end1 = March 17, 1998 |predecessor1 = Yao Yilin |successor1 = Li Lanqing |order2 = Member of the 14, 15th CPC Politburo Standing Committee |term_start2 = 19 October 1992 |term_end2 = November 15, 2002 |1blankname2 = General Secretary |1namedata2 = Jiang Zemin |order3 = 9th Governor of the People's Bank of China |term_start3 = July 1993 |term_end3 = June 1995 |predecessor3 = Li Guixian |successor3=Dai Xianglong |birth_date = |birth_place = Changsha, Hunan, China |party = Communist Party of China |spouse = Lao An |children = Zhu Yunlai (son) Zhu Yanlai (daughter) |alma_mater = Tsinghua University |profession = Electrical engineer |signature = Zhu Rongji Sign.png }} Zhu Rongji (; IPA: ; born 1 October 1928) is a Chinese politician who served as Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991, before serving as Vice-Premier and then the fifth Premier of the People's Republic of China from March 1998 to March 2003. A tough administrator, his time in office saw the continued double-digit growth of the Chinese economy and China's increased assertiveness in international affairs. Rumored to be engaged in a testy relationship with General Secretary Jiang Zemin, under whom he served, Zhu provided a novel pragmatism and strong work ethic in the government and party leadership increasingly affected by corruption, and as a result gained great popularity with the Chinese public. His opponents, however, charge that Zhu's tough and pragmatic stance on policy was unrealistic and unnecessary, and many of his promises were left unfulfilled. Zhu retired in 2003, and has not been a public figure since. Premier Zhu was also widely known for his charisma and tasteful humour. ==Early life and career== Zhu Rongji was born in Changsha, Hunan, to a family of intellectuals〔Song 429〕 and wealthy landownders. According to family tradition, his family was descended from Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming dynasty. His father died when he was born, and his mother died when he was nine. Zhu was subsequently raised by his uncle, Zhu Xuefang, who continued to support Zhu's education.〔McCarthy〕 Zhu was educated locally, and after graduation from high school he attended the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing.〔 While attending Tsinghua he became a student leader and took part in activities that were organized by the Communist Party.〔Lee 141〕 He graduated with a degree in electrical engineering and joined the Communist Party of China in 1949, the same year that the Communists captured Beijing, ended the Chinese Civil War, and declared the beginning of the People's Republic of China.〔 In 1951 he became the chairman of the Tsinghua Student Union. Following his graduation, Zhu began his career as a civil servant. He began his career in the Northeast China Ministry of Industries, where he was appointed the deputy head of its production planning office. From 1952-1958 he worked in the State Planning Commission, where he worked as group head, deputy director, and deputy section chief.〔People's Daily〕 In 1957, during the Hundred Flowers Campaign,〔 he criticized Mao Zedong's economic policies, saying that they promoted "irrational high growth". His comments led to him being subsequently identified as a "rightist" in 1958, for which he was persecuted, demoted,〔 disgraced, and thrown out of the Communist Party.〔Dumbaugh and Martin 8〕 In the late 1950s his family was also persecuted for their pre-revolutionary status as wealthy landowners, and their family mansion was destroyed.〔 After his persecution as a rightist, Zhu was sent to work at a remote cadre school. In 1962, following the famine and industrial collapse caused by the Great Leap Forward,〔 Zhu was pardoned (but not politically rehabilitated), and was assigned to work as an engineer at the National Economic Bureau of the State Planning Commission. During the Cultural Revolution Zhu was purged again. From 1970-1975 he was sent for "re-education" to the "May Seventh Cadre School", a special farm for disgraced government workers and former Party members.〔 During his exile in the countryside Zhu worked as a manual laborer, raising pigs and cattle, carrying human waste, and planting rice.〔 Shortly after the death of Mao Zedong in 1976 Deng Xiaoping initiated economic and political reforms which led to Zhu's rehabilitation, and he returned to work in the government.〔Weatherley 180〕 From 1976 to 1979 he work as an engineer in the Ministry of Petroleum Industry, and served as the director of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Industrial Economic Bureau.〔 In 1978 he was formally rehabilitated and allowed to rejoin the Communist Party.〔 During the late 1970s Zhu's positions were relatively low-profile, but after Deng consolidated his power in the 1980s and the government became more meritocratic, Zhu was promoted to work in increasingly demanding positions. He had few connections in the army, the Party, or the bureaucracy, and was able to rise through the ranks of the government mostly through his own skills.〔 In 1979 he was reassigned to the State Economic Commission, in which he served as vice-minister from 1983-1987.〔 After being politically rehabilitated and re-entering the civil service, Zhu resumed connections with his alma mater, Tsinghua University. In 1984 he was named the founding dean of the Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management. He held his position as dean at Tsinghua for seventeen years, throughout most of his subsequent public career.〔Zhang〕 As he became increasingly able to meet and make connections with foreign academics and world leaders, he was able to promote a close academic relationship between Tsinghua and M.I.T. Later in his career he gained a reputation for lecturing subordinates, a habit that observers interpreted as being a product of his position as an educator at Tsinghua.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zhu Rongji」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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